Klinger Oscillator: volume signed by the direction of the typical price, then
read as a MACD-style spread of two EMAs. Signing is what separates it from a
plain volume study: a heavy bar only counts as accumulation if hlc3 actually
rose, so churn at an unchanged price nets out instead of registering as force.
Two chained warmups stack here. The slow leg cannot print before bar 54, so the
spread cannot either; the signal EMA then runs over a series that is na up to
that point and the reference re-seeds it from an SMA, pushing its first bar a further
KLINGER_SIGNAL - 1 out. See emaOfGapped.
Klinger Oscillator: volume signed by the direction of the typical price, then read as a MACD-style spread of two EMAs. Signing is what separates it from a plain volume study: a heavy bar only counts as accumulation if
hlc3actually rose, so churn at an unchanged price nets out instead of registering as force.Two chained warmups stack here. The slow leg cannot print before bar 54, so the spread cannot either; the signal EMA then runs over a series that is
naup to that point and the reference re-seeds it from an SMA, pushing its first bar a furtherKLINGER_SIGNAL - 1out. SeeemaOfGapped.